Abacus - flat slab on top of a capital. Abutment - solid masonry placed to counteract the
lateral thrust of an arch. Ancanthus - a plant with thick scalloped leaves
copied on carved ornamental capitals of corinthian and composite
columns. Anthemion - ornament based on the honeysuckle flower
and leaves Architrave - lower of the three parts of an entablature. Astragal - small circular moulding sometimes separated
by reel shapes. Base - foundation or low area of support. Bell - the shape of a reversed bell often enriched
with carving. Capitals - head or crowning feature of a column. Column - designed to carry an entablature or other
load it is also used ornamentally and consists of base, shaft and
capital. Cornice - top projecting section of an entablature,
it is also found as an ornamental moulding at the top of a building
or wall. Crocket - column capital with stylised leaves with
ends rolled like small volutes. Crown - top central section of an arch above the
keystone Cushion - cut from a cube with its lower edges
rounded off to adapt it to fit a circular shaft, it is also referred
to as a block. The remaining flat edge of the side is referred to
as a lunette. Cyma Reversa - double curved moulding consisting
of a convex curve moving into a concave curve below. Dentil - small square block used in series within
cornices. Die or Dado - section between the base and cornice
of a plinth. Echinus - ovolo moulding below the abacus Entablature - upper part of column. Extrados - outer curve of an arch. Fascia - plain horizontal band, usually in an architrave. Fluting - shallow concave grooves running vertically
on a shaft of a column. Frieze - middle division of an entablature, or
decorated band along the upper part of an internal wall below the
cornice. Guttae - small-drop like projections carved below
the tenia. Haunch - lower section of an arch which rests upon
the impost. Impost - building block, usually a projecting bracket-like
moulding on which the end of an arch rests. Intrados - inner curve of an arch. Keystone - centre stone of an arch or ribbed vault. Metope - square space between two triglyphs in
the frieze of a doric order Modillion - small brackets to support the upper
section of a cornice arranged in pairs with a square depression
between each pair. Ovolo - wide convex moulding, sometimes called
a quarter-round. Pedestal - base supporting a column. Plinth - slab forming the base of a column or sculpture Scalloped - development of the cushion capital
in which the single lumette on each face is tapered into one or
more truncated cones. Scotia - concave moulding which casts a strong
shadow. Shaft - trunk of a column between the base and
capital. Span - distance between uprights of an arch. Springing line - level at which an arch springs
from its supports. Tenia - small moulding along the top of the architrave
in the doric order. Torus - large convex moulding of semi-circular
profile, for example at the base of a column. Triglyph - blocks of stone with vertical grooves
separating the metopes in a doric frieze. Volute - spiral scroll on an Ionic capital. Voussoirs - wedge-shaped stones used in arch construction.
